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101.
Using a time-varying stochastic frontier model, this paper examines the technical efficiency of firms in the iron and steel industry to try to identify the factors contributing to the industry's efficiency growth. Industry observers and policymakers tend to cite most frequently three possible sources of efficiency growth: privatization; economies of scale; and vintage of equipment. Our study corroborates these factors. Based on our findings, which pertain to 52 iron and steel firms over the period of 1978–1997, privatization is likely to improve the efficiency of iron and steel firms to a great extent as evidenced in various industries. This study also provides systematic evidence that iron and steel production shows economies of scale. In addition, newer vintages of equipment are found to be closely correlated with higher levels of efficiency. This clearly indicates that investment in new plants and equipments is critical in pursuit of efficiency in the iron and steel industry. 相似文献
102.
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104.
Jung MC 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2008,30(3):205-217
The objective of this study was to investigate heavy metal contamination and geochemical characteristics of mine wastes, including
tailings, from 38 abandoned mines classified as five mineralization types. Mine waste materials including tailings and soils
were sampled from the mines and the physical and chemical characteristics of the samples were analyzed. The particle size
of tailings was in the range of 10–100 μm. The pH of the waste covered a wide range, from 1.73 to 8.11, and was influenced
by associated minerals and elevated levels of Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn, extracted by a Korean Standard Method (digestion with 0.1 mol L−1 HCl), which were found in the wastes. Half of the samples contained heavy metals at levels above those stipulated by the
Soil Environmental Conservation Act (SECA) in Korea. In addition, extremely high concentrations of the metals were also found
in mine wastes extracted by aqua regia, especially those from mines associated with sulfide minerals. Thus, it can be expected
that trace elements in mine wastes may be dispersed both downstream and downslope through water and wind. Eventually they
may pose a potential health risk to residents in the vicinity of the mine. It is necessary to control mine wastes by using
a proper method for their reclamation, such as neutralization of the mine wastes using a fine-grained limestone. 相似文献
105.
Human health risk assessment of explosives and heavy metals at a military gunnery range 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In this research, a risk assessment was undertaken in order to develop the remediation and management strategy of a contaminated
gunnery site, where a nearby flood controlling reservoir is under construction. Six chemicals, including explosives and heavy
metals, posing potential risk to environmental and human health, were targeted in this study. A site-specific conceptual site
model was constructed, based on effective, reasonable exposure pathways, to avoid any overestimation of the risk. Also, conservative
default values were adapted to prevent underestimation of the risk when site-specific values were not available. The risks
posed by the six contaminants were calculated using the API’s Decision Support System for Exposure and Risk Assessment, with
several assumptions. In the crater-formed-area (Ac), the non-carcinogenic risks (i.e., HI values) of tri-nitro-toluene (TNT)
and Cd were slightly larger than 1, but for RDX (Royal Demolition Explosives) was over 50. The total non-carcinogenic risk
of the whole gunnery range was calculated to be 62.5, which was a significantly high value. The carcinogenicity of Cd was
estimated to be about 10−3, while that for Pb was about 5 × 10−4, which greatly exceeded the generally acceptable carcinogenic risk level of 10−4–10−6. It was concluded from the risk assessment that there is an immediate need for remediation of both carcinogens and non-carcinogens
before construction of the reservoir. However, for a more accurate risk assessment, further specific estimations of the changes
in environmental conditions due to the construction of the reservoir will be required; and more over, the effects of the pollutants
to the ecosystem will also need to be evaluated. 相似文献
106.
Peter Elliott David Wadley Jung Hoon Han 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》2016,59(4):666-686
This article deals comprehensively with factors which influence attitudes to the placement of high-voltage overhead transmission lines (HVOTLs). It employs an analytical schema which links the initial stimulus of the power lines' proposal in an area to Background and Socio-economic independent variables and a set of mediating variables. From a survey of 600 residents in three different domiciliary settings in Queensland, Australia, results indicate an absence of positive attitudes and, at best, neutral ones to HVOTL placement. By multinomial logistic regression, the study probes the grounds behind negativity and extreme negativity, uncovering direct links between these attitudes and certain of the variables included in the analytical schema. 相似文献
107.
Jung Eun Lim Jwa Kyung Sung Binoy Sarkar Hailong Wang Yohey Hashimoto Daniel C. W. Tsang Yong Sik Ok 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2017,39(2):431-441
Metal stabilization using soil amendments is an extensively applied, economically viable and environmentally friendly remediation technique. The stabilization of Pb, Zn and As in contaminated soils was evaluated using natural starfish (NSF) and calcined starfish (CSF) wastes at different application rates (0, 2.5, 5.0 and 10.0 wt%). An incubation study was conducted over 14 months, and the efficiency of stabilization for Pb, Zn and As in soil was evaluated by the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) test. The TCLP-extractable Pb was reduced by 76.3–100 and 91.2–100 % in soil treated with NSF and CSF, respectively. The TCLP-extractable Zn was also reduced by 89.8–100 and 93.2–100 % in soil treated with NSF and CSF, respectively. These reductions could be associated with the increased metal adsorption and the formation of insoluble metal precipitates due to increased soil pH following application of the amendments. However, the TCLP-extractable As was increased in the soil treated with NSF, possibly due to the competitive adsorption of phosphorous. In contrast, the TCLP-extractable As in the 10 % CSF treatment was not detectable because insoluble Ca–As compounds might be formed at high pH values. Thermodynamic modeling by visual MINTEQ predicted the formation of ettringite (Ca6Al2(SO4)3(OH)12·26H2O) and portlandite (Ca(OH)2) in the 10 % CSF-treated soil, while SEM–EDS analysis confirmed the needle-like structure of ettringite in which Pb was incorporated and stabilized in the 10 % CSF treatment. 相似文献
108.
Jung, Yong and Minha Choi, 2012. Survey‐Based Approach for Hydrological Vulnerability Indicators Due to Climate Change: Case Study of Small‐Scale Rivers. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 48(2): 256‐265. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐1688.2011.00608.x Abstract: The vulnerability indicators can be used to develop water resource policy in the context of climate change. The Delphi method, an interactive prediction technique, is an efficient way to apply weighting functionality to vulnerability indicators consisting of three parts: Exposure, Sensitivity, and Adaptive Capacity on climate change. The Delphi method is an anonymous iterative survey of expert opinion, which is then shared with other participants. A total of three different rounds were carried out. The first round was a problem selection set, and the second and third were the standard Delphi survey. Fifty‐eight experts (66% academic and 34% practitioner) were invited. The rates of reply were 59, 50, and 38% for the first, second, and third Delphi processes, respectively. The degree of consensus of the Delphi survey was validated via variance changes and Kendall’s W test. Exposure and Adaptive Capacity presented increased levels of agreement among respondents in their given priorities. Particularly strong convergence (0.20 to 0.71 in Kendall’s W) of the experts’ opinions for Adaptive Capacity was observed. The results of this study indicate that finalized factors with ultimate weights through the Delphi method can be a strong support for governmental policy making with respect to climate change. 相似文献
109.
110.
Food and Environmental Virology - Retail foodservice establishments (FSE) frequently utilize washes with sanitizing agents during fresh produce preparation. This study evaluated the efficacy of... 相似文献